Hydrogen bonds or h bonds are between water molecules
A water molecule contains an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms which are covalently bonded to the oxygen atom.Atoms in a covalently bonded molecule are always fighting for the shared electrons, the atoms attraction to the shared electrons is called the electronegativity. Therefore, the more electronegative an atom is the more it attracts the shared electrons.The force of attraction between a partially electronegative atom and another partially positive atom is the hydrogen bond. It is the hydrogen bond that pulls water molecules together which results into a cohesive force between the water molecules.
Recombination reshuffles alleles of two genes that lie on the same chromosome type, whereas independent assortment reshuffles alleles of two genes that lie on different chromosome types.
Explanation:
Alleles are two forms of same gene, they are located on the same loci of the homologous pair.
Recombination occurs when alleles from two homologous chromosomes get reshuffled during crossing over in meiosis.
Independent assortment refers to the tendency of alleles to be inherited independently from one generation to other.
Answer:
It is the smallest and basic unit of classification. Taxonomic studies consider a group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities as a species. Thus all the individual members belonging to particular species show all similar characters and can breed among themselves to produce a similar type of organism.
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It is found in the thylakoid membrane