Option A. Bipolar disorder differs from schizophrenia in that schizophrenia typically involves hallucinations.
What is bipolar disorder?
- Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mood disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally-elevated happiness that last from days to weeks each.
- If the elevated mood is severe or associated with psychosis, it is called mania; if it is less severe, it is called hypomania.
What is schizophrenia?
- A disorder that affects a person's ability to think, feel, and behave clearly.
- The exact cause of schizophrenia isn't known, but a combination of genetics, environment, and altered brain chemistry and structure may play a role.
What is hallucination?
- A perception of having seen, heard, touched, tasted, or smelled something that wasn't actually there.
- Hallucination can have causes that aren't due to underlying disease. Examples include drug intoxication.
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Answer:
The two major differences lies in the function and support system.
Explanation:
The two major differences between an endocrine and an exocrine system are as follows –
a) An endocrine system releases its produce (hormones) into the connective tissue i.e blood while the exocrine system releases hormones directly into the ducts so that it could reach the targeted tissue directly.
For example – the Adrenal gland is an endocrine gland that secretes adrenaline directly into the blood. The salivary gland is an exocrine gland that releases its produce into the collecting duct leading to mouth. However, Pancreas is both endocrine and exocrine gland.
b) The endocrine system cannot work alone therefore it works in coordination with the nervous system to control actions and balance the body. However, the exocrine system works independently
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Activators and repressors are transcription-control elements that are found in eukaryotic organisms. These elements function during the process of transcription, where a DNA molecule is coded onto a RNA molecule for it to be sent to ribosomes outside of the nucleus and then polypeptide chains are produced from it.
The activators and repressors control which proteins are made, which means that they can either hinder or promote certain functions in the cells of the body. Therefore, even though all of the cells have the same set of DNA, some are able to produce HCl, while others produce other substances such as insulin.
When a molecule is made up of one sugar unit, its called a monomer.
Eg. Glucose, galactose, fructose
When a molecule is made of more than one sugar units, its called a polymer.
Eg. Cellulose, glycogen
Polymers are usually macro molecules.
According to Hardy- Weinberg principle, if the frequency of one allele in a population with two alleles is 0.7 at a particular locus, then the frequency of alternate allele is 0.3.
<h3>What is Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium?</h3>
- Hardy- Weinberg rule states that in the absence of disturbing factors, the genetic variability in a population remains constant in different generations.
- It states that when mating is random both the genotypic and allelic frequencies remain constant as they are in equilibrium.
- Hardy- Weinberg rule applies to a large population where mating is random and there is no migration.
- It is given by p + q = 1, where p is the frequency of dominant allele in the population, q is the frequency of recessive allele in the population.
- By squaring, p2+ 2pq+ q2= 1, where p2 is percentage of homozygous dominant individuals, q2 is percentage of homozygous recessive individuals. 2pq is percentage of heterozygous individuals.
- Here given, p= 0.7, therefore q= 1- 0.7= 0.3
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