Answer:
Political decentralization signifies a reduction in the authority of national governments over policymaking. ... Decentralization reforms may occur for administrative reasons, when government officials decide that certain responsibilities and decisions would be handled best at the regional or local level.
Answer: Shaping
Explanation:
Shaping in terms of operant conditioning is defined as process in which behavior that is successively close to the desired or expected terminal behavior is rewarded .Behavior gets shaped and molded through behavior shaping.
According to the question, providing biscuit as a reward to the dog for showing closely related behavior to the target desired behavior is the method of shaping.Dog's behavior is getting shaped through this process.
I think it is 25℅ for multiple reason
Benefits
The Central Planners -- all of those bureaucrats are employed with the purpose of creating the central planning and, as a result, their very livelihood exists only by dint of the planned economy.
Black Market Smugglers -- Black Market Smugglers get much more traffic for needed goods if the economy cannot anticipate people's needs and this happens very commonly in planned economies.
Suffers :
Everyone else
Marijuana is the most common hallucinogen in widespread use today
