Answer:
Explanation:
The cell membrane separates the cell from the outer environment. The extracellular fluid contains the sodium ions (Na+), chloride ions (Cl-), while intracellular fluid contains potassium (K +) and negative anions.
The potential difference arises when the membrane is selectively permeable to some ions. The resting potential is -70mV.
When the neurons get excited, the sodium ions start to enter by sodium channels.
Now there are more positive ions inside the cell membrane. It disturbs the resting potential i.e. -70mV. This stage is known as depolarization.
When the inside environment of the cell is more positively charged, the potassium ions start to move out of the cell. It goes out by the voltage-gated channels. Thus resting stage is maintained and it is known as repolarization.
But the initial stability of the cell membrane has to be maintained. To restore the resting stage, the sodium ions start to move out of the membrane and potassium ions enter into the cells again. This is an active transport and has done by the Na+ - K+ pump. Here 3 sodium ions move out and 2 potassium ions pumped into the cell through the plasma membrane.
Thus the resting potential regains. The potassium ions come back into the cells against the concentration gradient and ATP provides the energy for this phenomena.
Answer:
I think the third one......
1) A 2) B
Explanation:
Enzymes are catalyst, meaning that they could be use in several reaction and they speed up any chemical reaction rate. So knowing this, when the animal have more enzymes it will react more quickly with the food, making it digest the food more quickly.
Hope the help, cheers
In neurogenic shock, the characteristic mechanism is the reduction of sympathetic outflow from the brainstem leading to the decreased in the blood vessel tone and eventually vasodilation. In the presence of vasodilation, there will be decreased blood pressure and eventually shock. Since there is reduced sympathetic outflow, there will also be a decreased heart rate, warm skin (from the vasodilation), and dry skin (from the reduced cholinergic stimulation of the sweat glands).
Answer:
A - Lactose, glucose, and sucrose
