Sorry but your question is not clear..
<span>John tends to avoid responsibility by free-riding in groups. this tendency is called: Social Loafing
Social loafing happens when someone is making less effort because they believed that the effort from other member's of the group will cover for them, so they could sit back and relax.</span>
Answer: Redefined upward
Explanation: Smoking, child abuse and family violence, are examples of behavior that have been redefined upward.
They are serious negative acts that have been a treat to humanity at large. Due to higher intensity of these behaviors, many advocacies had spring up to make awareness and help in curbing these menace.
However, government in their own part, are enacting laws to stop child abuse, family violence, illegal drugs abuse in our society. Offenders are brought to book without pity or sentiment.
