I believe the answer is a
Answer:
There are many types of evidence which support the theory of evolution such as comparative anatomy, fossil records, phylogenetic relationship, embryology et cetera
Comparative anatomy includes homologous organs and analogous organs. They support divergent and convergent evolution respectively.
For example, the homologous structure of limb of humans, birds, bat, horse, whale et cetera show that they are made up of the same set of bones which are humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
It shows divergent evolution and supports that these organisms have evolved from a common ancestor.
Embryological evidence: When early stages of embryological development of different organisms are compared, it is found that these stages are similar at different levels of development.
For example:
- The appearance of pharyngeal-arch (gill-like structures) in vertebrates during embryo development.
- Salamanders and terrestrial frogs pass through larval stages within an egg. They possess the features similar to aquatic larvae, however, when they hatched out the eggs being ready for life on land.
<span>The major effects of insulin on muscle and adipose tissue are: (1) Carbohydrate metabolism: (a) it increases the rate of glucose transport across the cell membrane, (b) it increases the rate of glycolysis by increasing hexokinase and 6-phosphofructokinase activity, (c) it stimulates the rate of glycogen synthesis and decreases the rate of glycogen breakdown. (2) Lipid metabolism: (a) it decreases the rate of lipolysis in adipose tissue and hence lowers the plasma fatty acid level, (b) it stimulates fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis in tissues, (c) it increases the uptake of triglycerides from the blood into adipose tissue and muscle, (d) it decreases the rate of fatty acid oxidation in muscle and liver. (3) Protein metabolism: (a) it increases the rate of transport of some amino acids into tissues, (b) it increases the rate of protein synthesis in muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and other tissues, (c) it decreases the rate of protein degradation in muscle (and perhaps other tissues). These insulin effects serve to encourage the synthesis of carbohydrate, fat and protein, therefore, insulin can be considered to be an anabolic hormone.
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It can be classified in the phylum chordata.
Phylum : chordata
Sub-phylum: Vertebrata
Division: Gnathostomata
Superclass: pisces (respiration occurs typically by gills)
The right answer is glutamate
Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter associated with learning and memory.
It is also associated with Alzheimer's disease whose first symptoms are felt in memory.
Most people unknowingly consume monosodium glutamate (MSG), a commonly used food additive.
An experiment was done on healthy patients, giving them 12 grams of glutamate. It was found that the experience led to headaches, nausea or jaw pain in 50-60% of cases.
It was also measured the level of glutamate contained in the muscles of patients with jaw problems. The tests concluded that the most painful muscles were those containing the highest levels of glutamate.
According to him, one of the keys to chronic pain could lie in the development of drugs that reduce the rate of glutamate.
