The size changes in horses through time is an example of Cope's Rule
The propensity for organisms in evolutionary lineages to become larger over time is known as Cope's Rule. Although the idea is covered in great length in numerous textbooks, it is rarely illustrated. There are numerous hypotheses on the advantages of having a large body size, but none have been objectively proven.
According to Cope's rule, evolution typically results in a lineage of populations growing larger over the course of geological time. In the fossil record, there are numerous examples of evolutionary processes that lead to an increase in body size. For instance, the size of the Eocene horses' forebears was comparable to that of a dog.
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