Secondary reinforcers are learned or conditioned. An example of a secondary reinforcer is grades or money. Secondary reinforcers are learned and are reinforced by the continual use of the reinforcer. Primary reinforcers are biological and include food, drink, and pleasurable activities.
Confounding variables are stimuli other than independent variables that may affect the outcome of the study and lead to erroneous conclusions. These variables become a factor when researchers are unable to prevent or eliminate them. These variables can make the results found during experiments invalid because they do not reflect the original variables in the experiment or research.
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Shang dynasty : strong central government, good farming methods
zhou dynasty: feudal system, land given to nobles by king,the first chinese dynasty, worship of the god of tian
Luther was very much against the practice of indulgence, which granted pardon for certain sins if the people paid the church. He felt that it was wrong to relieved and forgiven by God through a monetary based contribution. Also, he felt that the Pope did not carry the right to grant a pardon for people, and that they should have to undergo the same steps towards repentance just like everyone else.
Managers with good human skills know how to communicate, motivate and lead to get the best out of their people.
An executive needs have certain qualities or skills in order to carry out specific jobs in an organization, and these qualities or talents are referred to as management competencies. They include the ability to carry out executive responsibilities in an organization while averting crises and quickly resolving issues when they arise. Learning new things and getting hands-on management experience are two ways to improve your management talents. The ability to relate to coworkers and deal well with subordinates provides for the smooth flow of business operations inside the organization.
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