Mars mass is 6.4169 x 1023kg . That is slightly more than 10% of the Earth 's mass .Mars is a tiny world in every way when compared to Earth . In our solar system ,Mars is the second smallest planet by mass. Only
Mercury is smaller .While Mars is a tiny planet , it is the most explored outside
There's a shrink to the upward thrust of a sand dune. they do no longer stay interior a similar place yet crawl downwind and are replaced by capacity of latest ones. at last, they attain the factor the place they'd be stabilized by capacity of plant existence. Barrier islands are formed a similar way, different than by capacity of water, somewhat than wind.
Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP. The stages of cellular respiration include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Along the way, some ATP is produced directly in the reactions that transform glucose. Much more ATP, however, is produced later in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is powered by the movement of electrons through the electron transport chain, a series of proteins embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
These electrons come originally from glucose and are shuttled to the electron transport chain when they gain electrons.
As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water. Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation. The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur. Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't run without oxidative phosphorylation.). As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water.
Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation. The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur. Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't run without oxidative phosphorylation.
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In biology the word <em>bio</em><em> </em><em>catylysts</em><em> </em>describes the word enzymes . Bio catylysts are nothing but enzymes which alter the rate of reaction . For ex - Pepsinogen , which is produced in the stomach of humans activated by HCl from a proenzyme called trypsin . It works in acidic medium and converts proteins into peptides and protons . Likewise there is another enzyme called Salivary amylase which is present in the saliva of humans converts starch into maltose . There is another enzyme called lipase which converts fats into fatty acids and glycerol .
That should be the cell membrane. The cell membrane acts as a filter in and out.
