A woman whose sister tested positive for a specific mutation in the BRCA1 gene, which increases the risk for breast and ovarian
cancer, is found not to have that mutation but does have a mutation of unknown significance near the known mutation site. How should this woman be counseled? Select one: a. She should be informed that her risk for breast cancer is greater than the general population but not as great as her sister’s risk. b. She should be informed that because she does not have the mutation, her risk for breast cancer is not greater than that of the general population. c. She should be informed of her gene mutation status and be presented with all the available prophylaxis options and reconstruction options. d. She should be informed that she does not have the specific mutation but that because another mutation is present she should be vigilant about screening
Answer: A. <em>Her risk is for breast cancer is greater than the general population, but not as great as her sister's risk. </em>
Explanation:
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are specific mutations that have been associated with a greater risk of Breast Cancer. Breast cancer affects 1 in 8 women (12.5% lifetime risk), Familial Breast Cancer accounts for 1 in 5 cases (20%); BRCA 1 and/or BRCA 2, is present in 5-10% of all Breast Cancer Patients. Women that have relatives on 1st degree with Breast Cancer or BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations have a higher risk of presenting Breast Cancer than the general population.
Homeostasis is the body ability to maintain the internal conditions stable and constant with respect to the changes occurring in the external environment. Shivering is a response shown by the body with respect to external cold environment. It is a tendency of the body to maintain it's internal temperature constant. It is the way by which the body produces heat to survive in cold weather conditions.
