Answer:
Translation is the process of protein synthesis in which the genetic information encoded in mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
Ribosomes bind to mRNA in the cell's cytoplasm and move along the mRNA molecule in a 5' - 3' direction until it reaches a start codon (AUG)
Anticodons on tRNA molecules align opposite appropriate codons according to complementary base pairing (e.g. UAC will align with AUG)
Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid (according to the genetic code)
Ribosomes catalyse the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids (via a condensation reaction)
The ribosome moves along the mRNA molecule synthesising a polypeptide chain until it reaches a stop codon, at this point translation stops and the polypeptide chain is released
Explanation:
Answer:
The surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is covered in ribosomes, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is not covered in ribosomes.
Explanation:
Hence their terms, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, the smooth is like a fine tube whereas the rough consists of ribosomes on its surface. Both the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum work together, delegate tasks and are the site for production and storage of proteins.
Smooth ER is responsible for storage and lipids production, while the rough ER is responsible for production of proteins and some hormones.
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The basic structure of a muscle fiber is comprised of actin and myosin protein chains that straddle each other in a fusiform arrangement. The actin and myosin arrays interlock and move past each other to cause contraction of the muscle. They then move back to their initial positions in relaxation. This gives muscles their elasticity and distensibility. The muscle fibers are bundled, in their 10s to 100s up into myofibrils around an endomysium. Many myofibrils are also bound up in a perimysium to form a muscle fiber.
Answer: c. 2 pyruvate molecules
Explanation:
Glycolysis is the first step it the cell respiration cycle. It turns one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate by a series of reactions catalyzed by different enzymes.
It starts by using 2 ATP to turn glucose into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, which then divides in two and releases 4 ATP when it turns into two pyruvate molecules.
Thus glycolysis consumes 2 ATP and releases 4 ATP (giving a net gain of 2 ATP) and 2 pyruvate molecules.