Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
<u>Step 1: Find common bases</u>
→ 
→ 
Therefore, 
→ 
→ 
So... 
Since same base now, we can evaluate the exponents by themselves.
Answer:
Answer: 8
Step-by-step explanation:
2x4
Answer:
18 million kilometers in one min. and 0.3 million kilometers in one second
Step-by-step explanation:
so the one min. is easy because all you have to do is take 180 and divide it by 10 and you get 18 million kilometers in one min. and then you would take 18 and divide it by 60 and you would get 0.3 million kilometers in one second
Answer: repeating sequence
Step-by-step explanation:
Reliable causal inference based on observational studies is seriously threatened by unmeasured confounding.
What is unmeasured cofounding?
- By definition, an unmeasured confounder is a variable that is connected to both the exposed and the result and could explain the apparent observed link.
- The validity of interpretation in observational studies is threatened by unmeasured confounding. The use of negative control group to reduce unmeasured confounding has grown in acceptance and popularity in recent years.
Although they've been utilised mostly for bias detection, negative controls have a long history in laboratory sciences and epidemiology of ruling out non-causal causes. A pair of negative control exposure and outcome variables can be utilised to non-parametrically determine the average treatment effect (ATE) from observational data that is vulnerable to uncontrolled confounding, according to a recent study by Miao and colleagues.
Reliable causal inference based on observational studies is seriously threatened by unmeasured confounding.
Learn more about unmeasured confounding here:
brainly.com/question/10863424
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