Question

Describe the ABO and Rh blood groups

Answer 1

Answer:

ABO blood group represents the presence of A, B antigens on red blood cell surface.

Rh blood group represents the presence of Rh antigen on RBCs

Explanation:

ABO Blood Group System:

ABO blood group system is a classification system of human blood group that is characterized by the presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). This system was discovered by Landsteiner in 1901. He observed four different patterns of agglutination or coagulation when he mixed separated sera with blood samples from different individuals. ABO system classifies blood group through following observations:

• Individuals with antigen A on RBC surface have blood group A. These individuals possess anti-B antibodies. Therefore, A group blood coagulates when mixed with B group blood.
• Individuals with antigen B on RBC surface have blood group B. These individuals possess anti-A antibodies. Therefore, A group blood coagulates when mixed with B group blood.

• Individuals with both antigens AB on RBC surface have blood group AB. These individuals do not contain any anti-A and anti-B antibodies. AB is called the universal recipient blood group.

• Individuals without antigens AB on RBC surface have blood group O. O blood type individuals contain both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Rh Blood Group System:

Rh blood group system is characterized by the presence of Rh factor on RBC surface. This system is used in conjunction with ABO system. It contains two possible types:

• Individuals with Rh factor are classified Rh+.
• Individuals without Rh factor are classified Rh-.