1- Many nations in South Asia and Southeast Asia won independence after 1945 because colonial powers had exhausted their resources in World War II. For example, France wasn't able to keep its colonies in Indochina due to its hard economic situation after the war.
2- The condition that caused the partition between India and Pakistan in 1947 was a set of religious differences within the Indian population, that resulted in the constitution of Pakistan as the nation of the Islamic people of the Indian subcontinent, while Hindu people remained in India.
3- The ethnic group that was successful in their attempt to separate from another country and form their own nation was the Bengalis. They were part of Pakistan until 1947, when they separated and formed Bangladesh.
4- The passage refers to Indonesia, which was occupied by Japan during World War II, and after the war declared its independence, resisting reoccupation by the Netherlands.
5- Indonesia has experienced deadly violence as a result of infighting.
Indonesia has developed a shared identity defined by a national language, by ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a majority of Muslim population and a history of constant colonialism and its struggle against it. However, sectarian tensions and separatism have led to violent confrontations that have undermined the country's political and economic stability.
