Answer:
The major ionic constituents whose concentrations can be determined from the salinity are known as conservative substances. Their constant relative concentrations are due to the large amounts of these species in the oceans in comparison t
Answer:
Blue vitriol is crystal copper sulphate
Explanation:
The black oxide is the higher oxide of Copper i.e Cu. It is also called as tenorite. It is solid black in color. It is formed by heating copper with air.

Blue vitriol is the crystalline form of copper sulphate. It is also known as copper (II) sulphate.
When heating, the blue vitriol undergoes various steps of changes to the black oxide of copper.
The chemical reaction is --

Answer:
11.02 % of an isotope will be left after 45 seconds.
Explanation:

where,
= initial mass of isotope
N = mass of the parent isotope left after the time, (t)
= half life of the isotope
= rate constant
We have :
Mass of Beryllium-11 radioactive isotope= 
Mass of Beryllium-11 radioactive isotope after 45 seconds = 
t = 45 s
= rate constant = 

Now put all the given values in this formula, we get


Percentage of isotope left :

11.02 % of an isotope will be left after 45 seconds.