Bryophytes never form xylem tissue, the special lignin- containing, water-conducting tissue that is found in the sporophytes of all vascular plants.
Answer: Mitosis is a type of cell division in which one cell (the mother) divides to produce two new cells (the daughters) that are genetically identical to itself. In the context of the cell cycle, mitosis is the part of the division process in which the DNA of the cell's nucleus is split into two equal sets of chromosomes.
The great majority of the cell divisions that happen in your body involve mitosis. During development and growth, mitosis populates an organism’s body with cells, and throughout an organism’s life, it replaces old, worn-out cells with new ones. For single-celled eukaryotes like yeast, mitotic divisions are actually a form of reproduction, adding new individuals to the population.
In all of these cases, the “goal” of mitosis is to make sure that each daughter cell gets a perfect, full set of chromosomes. Cells with too few or too many chromosomes usually don’t function well: they may not survive, or they may even cause cancer. So, when cells undergo mitosis, they don’t just divide their DNA at random and toss it into piles for the two daughter cells. Instead, they split up their duplicated chromosomes in a carefully organized series of steps.
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The phenomenon where one gene can modify the effect on the second gene is known as epistasis.
In genetics, epistasis is a phenomenon in which the effect of a gene mutation is determined by the presence or absence of mutations in one or more other genes, which are referred to as modifier genes. To put it another way, the genetic background in which the mutation appears determines its effect. It has long been acknowledged that epistasis, or interactions between genes, is fundamental to comprehending both the structure and function of genetic pathways and the evolutionary dynamics of complex genetic systems.
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