The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as aids selectively infects helper T cells (CD4+).
This retrovirus also infects macrophages and dendritic cells. When CD4+ T cell numbers decrease below a critical level (due to the killing of this cells with different mechanisms), cell-mediated immunity is lost. As a result, the body becomes progressively more susceptible to infections, leading to the development of AIDS.
<span> HIV can be transmitted only via body fluids like blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk, which means that people usually get or transmit HIV through sexual behaviours and use of the needle. For HIV infection, these fluids must come in direct contact with a mucous membrane or damaged tissue. Another way is to be directly injected into the bloodstream (from a needle for example).</span>
This question is asking for the number of ATP that is produced by the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain.
Citrate is the first biological substance in the citric acid cycle and it is the starting point of the cycle. From one molecule of citrate, the citric acid cycle will produce 2 ATP while the electron transport chain will produce 34 ATP. Therefore, together both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain will produce 36 ATP.
Cellular respiration is the process by which many organisms, including plants, produce ATP. During this process, A.Glucose reacts with B.Oxygen, producing C. Carbon dioxide, D. Water, and ATP.
<span>A effect mutation can have on viruses is If a virus mutates then it may change its shape making ti able to bind to the cell and enter into the cell.</span>
