Lincoln cites the phrase "to form a more perfect Union," from the preamble to the Constitution, in order to argue a) that the Un
ion existed even before the Southern states ratified the Constitution b) that the South has an obligation to remain in the Union in order to make it better c) that the President has an obligation to better the Union by abolishing slavery d) that the Union has been getting better over time
Three effects are: -Members of both parties share almost equal core beliefs -Two parties create a new division of issues which helps to clarify and classify issues based on differing ideologies -Two parties make it easier to run for office
