Neurons in the <u>spinal cord</u>, control motor reflexes, which allows rhythmic and automatic movements to be carried out.
The spinal cord represents the lowest level in the hierarchical system that regulates reflex motor activity, voluntary movements, and body posture.
Therefore, their neurons have been organized into circuits that participate in simple automatic gait movements and simple defensive movements (withdrawal of the muscle in the event of any aggression) through reflex responses.
The motor neurons of these circuits are located in the anterior horns where they are arranged forming the so-called "poles" of motor neurons, equivalent to true motor neuron nuclei.
- Alpha motor neurons their axons are myelinated and they group together in the medulla and form columns that are known as motor nuclei.
- Gamma (γ) motor neurons innervate muscle fibers of the muscle spindle.
- Interneurons can be excitatory or inhibitory.
Therefore, we can conclude that neurons in the spinal cord, control motor reflexes, they present functional interactions between them and this allows rhythmic and automatic movements to be carried out with ease through reflex responses.
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Answer and Explanation:
The steps of the scientific method are
1) A question the investigator wants to answer.
2) Antecedents or Previous knowledge about the study object.
3) The goal, which is what the investigator wants to know.
4) The hypothesis that the investigator makes in order to predict what is going to happen.
5)The experiment is performed to answer the question.
6) Results achievement
7) Conclusions where the hypothesis is rejected or accepted.
In the case of the exposed example,
- Question: How does the amount of sunlight affect the extent of flower production?
- Previous knowledge and antecedents about solar radiation influencing different plant growth and flowering. Information about the species of interest. Other studies or investigations performed in relation to this question.
- Objective/Goal: To study the influence of sunlight in flowering
- Hypothesis: Too many hours of radiation affect flowering production
- Experiment: (Example)
Native species are going to be planted in the garden to observe their growth and flower production at different exposure levels to sunlight. Native species will be planted, as they are used to the environmental conditions and they do not need extra care, as a cultivated species would. More than one individual is needed to ensure their establishment. All the species will be watered according to each species needs and location. Plagues will be equally controlled.
- 3 native individuals of a herbaceous plant, 3 native individuals of a woody plant, and 3 native grass plants are located in a sunny section that receives straight sun radiation during the whole light hours.
- 3 native individuals of a herbaceous plant, 3 native individuals of a woody plant, and 3 native grass plants are located in a sunny section that receives sun radiation during half a day
- 3 native individuals of a herbaceous plant, 3 native individuals of a woody plant, and 3 native grass plants are located in a shaded section.
Plants will be grown and the flowering process will be recorded by season in relation to the number of flowers, sizes, quality, and pollinizer visitors which will reflect the amount and quality of nectar.
6 y 7. Every recorded result will be then analyzed to conclude.
The driving force for the movement of lithosphere plates is convection currents. These currents are found in the inner core of the earth and take the heat from the core to the lithosphere. Tectonic plates are able to move because of the relative density of oceanic lithosphere and the relative weakness of the asthenosphere. Dissipation of heat from the mantle is acknowledged to be the original source of energy driving plate tectonics. The current view, although it is still a matter of some debate, is that excess density of the oceanic lithosphere sinking in subduction zones is the most powerful source of plate motion.
Because you cannot test it or observe it.
A scientific theory are created through the scientific method, in the scientific method you need to be able observe it and experiment.
B) The enzyme has active sites where the substrate binds with the enzyme to form a complex. When the substrate binds to the active site, an induced fit is formed where the enzyme changes its shape in order to better serve the substrate and lower the activation energy of the reaction