Answer:
1. Prepare an income statement for each year using full costing.
2018 2019
Sales 1,116,000 1,278,000
<em>Less</em> Cost of Sales (520,800) (596,400)
Opening Stock 0 37,800
Add Cost of Goods Manufactured 558,600 558,600
Less Closing Stock (37,800) 0
Gross Profit 595,200 681,600
Less Expenses
variable selling costs ($0.70) (17,360) (19,880)
fixed selling costs are ($660) ($660)
Net Income 577,180 661,060
2. Prepare an income statement for each year using variable costing.
2018 2019
Sales 1,116,000 1,278,000
<em>Less</em> Cost of Sales (396,800) (454,400)
Opening Stock 0 28,800
Add Cost of Goods Manufactured 425,600 425,600
Less Closing Stock (28,800) 0
Gross Profit 719,200 823,600
Less Expenses
fixed manufacturing costs (133,000) (133,000)
variable selling costs ($0.70) (17,360) (19,880)
fixed selling costs are ($660) ($660)
Net Income 568,180 670,060
3. Prepare a reconciliation of the difference each year in the operating income resulting from the full and variable costing methods.
2018 2019
Full Costing Operating Income 577,180 661,060
<em>Add</em> Fixed Costs in Opening Inventory 0 9,000
<em>Less</em> Fixed Costs in Closing Inventory (9,000) 0
Variable Costing Operating Income 568,180 670,060
Explanation:
Full Costing Product Cost = Variable Overheads + Fixed Overheads
= $16 + ($133,000/26,600 units)
= $21
1. Prepare an income statement for each year using full costing.
2018 2019
Sales 1,116,000 1,278,000
<em>Less</em> Cost of Sales (520,800) (596,400)
Opening Stock 0 37,800
Add Cost of Goods Manufactured 558,600 558,600
Less Closing Stock (37,800) 0
Gross Profit 595,200 681,600
Less Expenses
variable selling costs ($0.70) (17,360) (19,880)
fixed selling costs are ($660) ($660)
Net Income 577,180 661,060
Variable Costing Product Cost = Variable Overheads
= $16
2. Prepare an income statement for each year using variable costing.
2018 2019
Sales 1,116,000 1,278,000
<em>Less</em> Cost of Sales (396,800) (454,400)
Opening Stock 0 28,800
Add Cost of Goods Manufactured 425,600 425,600
Less Closing Stock (28,800) 0
Gross Profit 719,200 823,600
Less Expenses
fixed manufacturing costs (133,000) (133,000)
variable selling costs ($0.70) (17,360) (19,880)
fixed selling costs are ($660) ($660)
Net Income 568,180 670,060
3. Prepare a reconciliation of the difference each year in the operating income resulting from the full and variable costing methods.
<u>Reconciliation of Full Costing Operating Income to Variable Costing Operating Income.</u>
Hint : Difference lies in the Fixed Cost Component deferred in Closing Inventory under the Absorption Cost
2018 2019
Full Costing Operating Income 577,180 661,060
<em>Add</em> Fixed Costs in Opening Inventory 0 9,000
<em>Less</em> Fixed Costs in Closing Inventory (9,000) 0
Variable Costing Operating Income 568,180 670,060