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Minchanka [31]
3 years ago
10

4. Consider the game of chicken. Two players drive their cars down the center of the road directly at each other. Each player ch

ooses SWERVE or STAY. Staying wins you the admiration of your peers (a big payoff) only if the other player swerves. Swerving loses face if the other player stays. However, clearly, the worst output is for both players to stay! Specifically, consider the following payouts. Player two Stay swervePlayer one stay -6 -6 2 -2 swerve -2 2 1 1Does either player have a dominant strategy?
Business
1 answer:
IrinaVladis [17]3 years ago
4 0

Complete question:

Consider the game of chicken. Two players drive their cars down the center of the road directly at each other. Each player chooses SWERVE or STAY. Staying wins you the admiration of your peers (a big payoff) only if the other player swerves. Swerving loses face if the other player stays. However, clearly, the worst output is for both players to stay! Specifically, consider the following payouts. Player two Stay swervePlayer one stay -6 -6 2 -2 swerve -2 2 1 1

a) Does either player have a dominant strategy?

b) Suppose that Player B has adopted the strategy of Staying 1/5 of the time and  swerving 4/5 of the time. Show that Player A is indifferent between swerving and staying.

c) If both player A and Player B use this probability mix, what is the chance that  they crash?

Explanation:

a. There is no dominant strategy for either player. Suppose two players agree to live. Then the best answer for the player is to swerve(-6 versus -2).  Yet if the player turns two, the player will remain one (2 vs 1).  

b. Player B must be shown to be indifferent among swerving and staying if it implements a policy (stay= 1⁄4, swerving= 5/4).

When we quantify a predicted award on the stay / swerving of Player A, we get

E(stay)= (1/5)(-6)+ (4/5)(2)= 2/5 E(swerve)= (1/5)(-2)  

c. They both remain 1/5 of the time. The risk of a crash (rest, stay) is therefore (1/5)(1/5)= 1/25= 4%

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In 2022: Net sales are expected to increase by $9.70 million. Cost of goods sold is expected to be 60 percent of net sales. Depr
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Answer:

The question is not complete.

Here is the complete question:

You have been given the following information for PattyCake’s Athletic Wear Corp. for the year 2021:

Net sales = $38,900,000.

Cost of goods sold = $22,220,000.

Other operating expenses = $6,400,000.

Addition to retained earnings = $1,210,500.

Dividends paid to preferred and common stockholders = $1,943,000.

Interest expense = $1,850,000.

The firm’s tax rate is 30 percent.

In 2022:

Net sales are expected to increase by $9.90 million.

Cost of goods sold is expected to be 60 percent of net sales.

Depreciation and other operating expenses are expected to be the same as in 2021.

Interest expense is expected to be $2,125,000.

The tax rate is expected to be 30 percent of EBT.

Dividends paid to preferred and common stockholders will not change.

Calculate the addition to retained earnings expected in 2022. (Enter your answer in dollars, not millions.)

Here is the answer:

Addition to retained earnings is $ 5,753,500

Explanation:

Addition to retained earnings is derived after deducting dividend paid to preferred and common stockholders from the earnings after tax of the entity.

In the case of PattyCake’s Athletic Wear Corp. , it is important to calculate earning after tax before deducting dividend to get addition to retained earnings:

Calculation of Earning after Tax

Earning after Tax is derived by deducting, cost of sales, operating expenses, interest and tax from the entity net sales.

Net Sales ( $38,900,000.  + $9,900,000)                        48,800,000

Cost of Sales (0.6  *    48,800,000)                                  (29,280,000)

Gross profit                                                                         19,520,000

Depreciation and other operating expenses                    (6,400,000)

Earning before Interest and Tax                                        13,120,000

Interest                                                                                 (2,125,000)

Earning before Tax                                                             10,995,000

Tax @ 30% EBT                                                                   (3,298,500)

Earning after Tax                                                                7,696,500

After this, dividend paid is removed to get addition to retained earnings

= $7,696,500  - $1,943,000

=$ 5,753,500

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