Explanation:
Polarity is defined as the development of partial charges on the atoms of a molecule. In a water molecule, there are hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
Due to the difference in electronegativity of both hydrogen and oxygen atom there is development of partial positive charge on hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on oxygen atom.
So, when bond between hydrogen and oxygen will break down then it will form hydrogen ions (
) and oxygen ions (
).
Ion-dipole interactions are defined as the interactions that occur when an ion interacts with the dipole of a molecule.
When an electron is added to a neutral atom to convert it into a negative ion then the amount of change taking place in its energy is known as electron affinity.
So, oxygen atom has an affinity towards cations and hydrogen atom has an affinity for anions.
Thus, we can conclude that following interactions and processes contribute to the dissolution of ionic compounds in water:
1. Affinity of oxygen towards cations
2. Ion–dipole interactions
4. Hydration
6. Affinity of hydrogen towards anions
Answer:
C₆H₅COOH Benzoic Acid
Explanation:
Here we are using the extraction method to separate benzoic acid from naphtalene in the ether solution by reacting it with the base sodium bicarbonate to produce the salt sodium benzoate ( naphtalene remains in the organic layer ) .
The sodium benzoate is completely soluble in the aqueous layer being a salt, and reacts with hydrochloric acid ( again an acid base reaction ) which precipitates the benzoic acid since the it is insoluble in water hence separating it.