Answer:
b) Randomized controlled trials
Explanation:
Randomized controlled trials are usually viewed as the "gold standard of research designs" because they have a great potential of limiting or even eliminating all sorts of bias, and, therefore, provide the highest level of evidence when performing a research.
The answer is b) Randomized controlled trials
It is Wilhelm Wundt that is the early psychologist who was the first to try to bring objectivity and measurement to the concept of psychology. He <span>opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879. Hope this answers the question.</span>
The major limitation would be: not all children have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life
Natural observation aimed to find certain explanation for social occurence by observing their behavior in their natural environment.
This method of course couldn't be done if certain group do not possess the freedom to act like other members because of their special circumtances (for example, poor children may expected to obtain part-time job on earlier age)
Answer:
Negative reinforcement
Explanation:
In psychology and classical and operant conditioning, the term reinforcement refers to a stimulus that increases the chances that a certain behavior is repeated in the future. In other words, it refers to something that makes the behavior be more frequent.
However, there are 2 different types of reinforcement:
- Positive reinforcement: It consists in <u>presenting</u> a desired stimulus that will increase the chances that the behavior is repeated.
- Negative reinforcement: It consists in <u>retiring</u> an undesired stimulus that will increase the chances that the behavior is repeated (for example, the beeping in the car when we don't use the seatbelt is a negative reinforcement since it is retired the moment we use the seatbelt and it is more likely that next time we'll fasten the seatbelt before to not hear the sound).
Therefore, when <u>something an individual does not like is removed (an undesired stimulus)</u> and they are more likely to <u>do the behavior again (increasing the probability of the behavior to be repeated),</u> this is known as negative reinforcement.
