Federalism refers to the supremacy of he powers of state governments
The space race was a way for both nations to show off, without going nuclear, to each other. At first, in the advent of a soviet being the first man in space, americans were very discouraged until the Apollo missions.
The full sentence is as follows:
To force a bill out of committee, A DISCHARGE petition must be signed by a majority of the representatives.
A discharge petition refers to a petition that is used in the house of representative to force a bill out of the committee unto the floor of the house for a vote. For the petition to be successful, 218 members of the house have to vote in its favor.