Question

A general term for any psychologically based form of treatment to help people better understand their problems is

Answer 1

A general term used is "Psychotherapy".

Psychotherapy is the utilization of mental techniques, especially when in light of normal individual association, to enable a man to change and defeat issues in ways he want or desire. 
Psychotherapy is also known as talk therapy, is an approach to help individuals with an expansive assortment of psychological instabilities and enthusiastic challenges and is frequently utilized to treat mental health condition in combination with medicines.