How does the phosphorous cycle differ from the nitrogen cycle and the carbon cycle?

1 answer:

7 0

The phosphorus cycle does not include an atmospheric component because phosphorus does not cycle through the atmosphere. In comparison, important processes of the carbon and nitrogen cycle occur in the atmosphere.

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A Mother who is homozygous for Huntington's disease and a father who is homozygous normal want to have a baby. What genotypes an

natita [175]

Answer: The possible genotype for their child is Hh. All the children will be heterozygous for Huntington (Hh).

The possible phenotype for their child is Huntington disease.

Explanation: If H represents the trait for Huntington and h represents normal trait; and if Huntington trait (H) is dominant over normal trait (h), therefore the genotype of the mother who is homozygous for Huntington disease is HH and the genotype of the man who is homozygous normal is hh.

A cross between the man and woman will produce offsprings who are all heterozygous for Huntington disease Hh. Phenotypically, the offsprings will manifest as Huntington disease.

See the attached punnet square for more information

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3 years ago

How do doctors and researchers decide whether a disease is a good candidate for gene therapy? what are the advantages and disadv

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Diseases that are best candidates for gene therapy are those whose disorder has been identified to be a malfunctioning gene and the biology of the gene is well known. Gene therapy is also viable where the proper gene can be correctly delivered and replace the malfunctioned one.

The advantage of using viruses in gene theory is their effectiveness in delivering the desired gene by tapping into their natural mechanisms of infection. However, disadvantages include the risks of affecting healthy cells while targeting sick cells and wrong placement of the desired gene hence causing undesirable mutations in DNA.

One factor is the length of the DNA that is required to be replaced through gene therapy. Most vectors have a maximum length of DNA that they can carry for effective transduction. Another is the range of cell types that the vector can infect and the risk of immune response/ allergic reaction/ side effects.

The best vectors are herpes or vaccinia viruses. The viruses are able to infect non-dividing cells such as the nerve cell. The vectors can accommodate 8400 bp in their genome and the transgene expressions have the potential to last long.

Traditional gene editing techniques such as TALENS and ZFN use modular proteins that target nucleotide sequences. In the CRISPR tool, the Cas9 protein is steered by a guide RNA (which is a complementary sequence to the target sequence) to the target region.

<span>One ethical issue of gene editing is its use in genetic enhancement to develop ‘designer babies’. The question of who should decide on whether a trait is bad or good also complicates this matter. The morality of artificiality enhancing attributes such as strength, athletic capability, intelligence, and etcetera could lead to an unhealthy ‘arms race’ between humans. </span>

In sports doping, gene editing could be used to enhance genes that enhance muscle strength by targeting myostatin (MSTN) and GF-1 genes. Genes that promote quick break down of lactic acid and increases oxygen capacity of the lungs and blood such as EPO gene could be targets of sports doping.

<span>Gene editing will treat diseases and disorders by repairing the causative defective gene. This is already applicable in cystic fibrosis. Artificial gene selection will be common in future thanks to gene editing. Future humans will, therefore, have ‘desirable traits’ or new traits depending on what is appealing to the society. </span>

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3 years ago

How can IPAT equation show how population, development, and environmental degradation are linked?

galben [10]

Answer:

The IPAT equation can be described as a mathematical equation or quantitative measure of the factors that influence the degradation of the environment. This equation describes the impacts of human population and development on the environment.

This equation shows that the more the population, the more will be the consumption rate of natural products from the environment. It also shows the that increase in population will also cause an increase in the environmental pollution.

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4 years ago

Where is the melanocortin 1 receptor located, and what is its role in the cell?

Viefleur [7K]

The MC1R gene provides instructions for making a protein called the melanocortin 1 receptor. This receptor plays an important role in normal pigmentation. The receptor is primarily located on the surface of melanocytes, which are specialized cells that produce a pigment called melanin.

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Explosion the role of diffusion in cellular function and how it is different for osmosis and active transport

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While active transportrequires energy and work, passive transportdoes not. There are several different types of this easy movement of molecules. It could be as simple as molecules moving freely such as osmosis or diffusion. You may also see proteins in the cell membrane that act as channels to help the movement along. And of course there is an in-between transport process where very small molecules are able to cross asemi-permeable membrane.

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