The name of molecules that store and process genetic information are nucleic acids. They are composed of a five- carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. In humans and other organisms deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) store and process genetic information. DNA resides in nucleus of the cell and it contains genes which contains information for protein synthesis and other metabolites required for body functioning. The different proteins produce codes for different genetic traits. RNA is produced in the process of transcription by using DNA as a template and it takes information out of the nucleus and directs other organelles like ribosome to synthesize protein for a particular function by the process of translation.
All proteins are composed of amino acids. Each amino acid in a protein is linked by chemical bonds. Enzymes are composed of chains of amino acids. Enzymes are a type proteins that turn a cell into a highly developed miniature factory carrying out chemical reactions very fast.
