Answer:
The answer is reciprocal chromosomal translocation
Explanation:
The Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) is the truncated chromosome 22 generated by the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) and was first identified in 1960 in a patient with CML [3]. Translocation of the proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (ABL1) gene located on chromosome 9 to the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene located on chromosome 22 results in a BCR-ABL1 fusion gene on the Ph [4, 5]. Three BCR-ABL1 fusion gene hybrids encode BCR-ABL1 protein isoforms p210, p190, and p230, which have persistently enhanced tyrosine kinase (TK) activity. These aberrantly activated kinases disturb downstream signaling pathways, causing enhanced proliferation, differentiation arrest, and resistance to cell death [6, 7]. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the BCR-ABL1 protein are the most successful targeted therapy for Ph-positive leukemia.
Answer:
DNA molecules have negative charges, and so when placed in an electric field they migrate toward the positive pole.
Explanation:
Electrophoresis is a technique that <u>uses differences in electrical charge to separate the molecules in a mixture</u>. DNA molecules have negative charges, and so when placed in an electric field they migrate toward the positive pole. The rate of migration of a molecule depends on two factors, its shape, and its charge-to-mass ratio.
A gel, which is usually made of agarose, polyacrylamide, or a mixture of the two comprises a complex network of pores, through which the DNA molecules must travel to reach the positive electrode. The smaller the DNA molecule, the faster it can migrate through the gel. Gel electrophoresis, therefore, <u>separates DNA molecules according to their size.</u>
Answer:
shortest wavelength of visible light: Violet
Energy that can be felt as heat but can't be seen: Infrared radiation
Short invisible rays that can cause damage to the eyes: Ultraviolet light
visible light with the longest wavelength: red 700
Explanation:
Violet has the shortest wavelength, at around 380 nanometers, and red has the longest wavelength, at around 700 nanometers.
