George Washington led the Continental Army to victory in the American Revolution.
Explanation:
As a young man, Washington worked as a countryside surveyor gaining a later understanding of the geography of his home state, Virginia.
He gained his first experience as a military leader during the French and Indian War (1754–1763). Because of his experience and knowledge of the land of Virginia, he was elected commander-in-chief of the American forces in 1775 by the Second Continental Congress at the outbreak of the American War of Independence. The British cleared out of Boston in 1776 but were nearly captured after losing New York with heavy losses later in the same year. He made up for that by crossing the Delaware River in the winter and defeating British units in New Jersey. He went on to defeat and capture the two main British forces at Saratoga (1777) and then Yorktown (1781).
At the end of the war of independence in 1783 Washington retired to his estate in Mount Vernon. He personally intervened to steer the Constitutional Convention which drafted a stronger version of the U.S. Constitution in 1787. On 30 April 1789, Washington became the new President of the United States and created a system of cabinet governance that broke the parliamentary tradition.
In a nutshell, the cruel and unusual punishment clause measures a particular punishment against society's prohibition against inhuman treatment. It prevents the government from imposing a penalty that is either barbaric or far too severe for the crime committed.
"A. Japan suppressed the decades-long Taiping Rebellion" was a major impact of the Meiji Restoration in Japan, since the purpose was to restore traditional values.
Guilds helped build up the economic organization of Europe, enlarging the base of traders, craftsmen, merchants, artisans, and bankers that Europe needed to make the transition from feudalism to embryonic capitalism.
