Answer:
Claiming certain politicians were communists
Explanation:
While you didn't provide us with any concrete answers, this relationship is something related to an alliance, but in reality isn't one because the smaller country is only doing this because they're afraid of repercusions.
I believe the centers of learning and art in the early middle ages were in monasteries.
Answer:
to tell the reader about an important historical event.
Explanation:
The main reason for the author including this information in the passage was to tell the reader about an important historical event. The author is explaining that the current event taking place has never before happened in the history of civilization, therefore meaning that this current event is making history and will be remembered in the future as a significant historical event. Thus, carrying with it very high importance which the author felt was essential to include.