Cavour m'lady is your answer.:)
The answer is: B. family loyalty.
In a culture that promotes collectivism, they will teach their children to always focus on the group's priority over their individual priority.
When they grow up with this principles, they would develop the desire to give as much help as they can to the close members of their social group. This make them become more likely to experience family loyalty, group sacrifice, and intimate relationship with other people.
Operant-conditioning is the process by which a response becomes more likely to occur or less so, depending on its consequences. Shaping is an operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced. shaping spontaneous recovery stimulus generalization stimulus discrimination . This process of establishing a behavior was first developed and used by B.F Skinner,
There was a number of reasons. The articles of confederation didn't enable the central government to collect taxes. There was no National court to solve international conflicts. And many states took advantage of a missing strong leading figure in the form of a president. The Articles of Confederation was week due to giving too much power to the central government.