How do DNA, chromosomes, and genes work as the instructions for heredity?

1 answer:

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DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is the molecule in living organisms wherein the genetic code or genes is stored. The structural conformation of DNA in the nucleus of the cells is called chromatin and in cell division, chromatin is grouped into a certain number (46, in humans, for instance) called chromosomes.

DNA provides instructions for hereditary such that a part of DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA or mRNA for the genetic code to be transported outside the nucleus. The mRNA is then translated into polypeptides to form proteins that form specific functions in the human body.

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(From top left to the bottom) Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Herpes Simplex virus, Human papillomavirus (HPV)

(From top right to the bottom) Theponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomalis, Candida albicans

Explanation:

Neisseria gonorrhoeae: infected individuals may experience pain when urinating or during sexual intercourse. It may be accompanied by unusual discharge (white, creamy or green) from the vagina or penis .

Herpes Simplex virus: causes painful sores around the lips and genitals. These sores are contagious .

Human papillomavirus (HPV): a viral STI, it appears as warts on the male and female genitals when a person is infected. These look like a cluster of pimples

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Chlamydia trachomalis: may not have any symptoms but if there are any, they include discharge from the vagina or penis .

Candida albicans: is a fungal infection that produces vaginal discharge that looks like cottage cheese .

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one of the hypothesis put forward by Gregor Mendel states that when two different alleles are inherited together, one may be expressed, while the effect of the other may be masked.

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