Answer:
energy
Explanation:
energy is used to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial inner membrane, from the matrix into the intermembrane space
Answer:
There is no short answer.
Explanation:
Let's say that solid coat is expressed with S and spotted coat color is expressed with s. This means that the two heterozygous cocker spaniels have Ss as their genomes. This results in the probability of 75% solid coat (SS and Ss) and 25% spotted coat (ss) in the offspring.
The probability of the firstborn pup in the first litter having spotted fur would be 25%. The probability of 4 out of the 5 remaining pups having spotted fur is 1/4 x 1/4 x 1/4 x 1/4 which is 1/256.
The probability of the second litter having 1 pup with spotted fur is 25% and the 6 remaining pups with solid fur can be calculated as above by multiplying 3/4 6 times which is 64/4096 or 1.5%.
I hope this answer helps.
Cellular communication is the function of the plasma membrane that allows it to respond to certain stimuli from outside the cell and hormones to bind to receptors.
<h3>What is plasma membrane?</h3>
It is a double layer of lipids that covers and delimits the cells, serving as a border between the inside and the outside of the cell, and also allowing a physicochemical balance.
<h3>Characteristics of plasma membrane</h3>
Enables the development of compartments; allows or rejects the entry and/or exit of particles; acts as a mechanical defense; and reacts to external signals and stimuli.
It reacts and transmits information inside the cell, starting certain biochemical processes: cell division, cell movement or the segregation of biochemical substances.
Therefore, we can conclude that the main characteristic of the plasma membrane, that is, its ability to allow or reject the entry of certain molecules into the cell.
Learn more about plasma membrane here: brainly.com/question/816340
"Marin drank heavily while she was pregnant, so it is possible that the infant has fetal alcohol spectrum disorder."
This disorder is characterised by several physical features including a smaller head perimeter, <span>low body weight,</span> and also several other cognitive and sensory deficiencies. The disorder takes place when the mother has drunk alcohol through her pregnancy. Although it is not sure what's the exact biological pathway that leads to the disorder, it is known that a fetus has much less antioxidant protection or enzymes than adults.
