THE GUNPOWDER EMPIRES
The era between 1450 and 1750 saw the appearance of several land-based empires who built their power on the use of gunpowder: the Ottomans and the Safavids in Southwest Asia , the Mughals in India , the Ming and Qing in China , and the new Russian Empire.
IDK if i am right but i would say the puritans as they wanted to get rid of the catholic rituals because they wanted to be pure. hope i helped tho
That is difficult, I'm not exactly sure what the context is but... I would answer with the Nile River
Germany was the first, in world war 1.