Answer:
Involuntary respiration is controlled by the respiratory centers of the upper brainstem (sometimes termed the lower brain, along with the cerebellum). This region of the brain controls many involuntary and metabolic functions besides the respiratory system, including certain aspects of cardiovascular function and involuntary muscle movements (in the cerebellum).
Explanation:
The respiratory centers contain chemoreceptors that detect pH levels in the blood and send signals to the respiratory centers of the brain to adjust the ventilation rate to change acidity by increasing or decreasing the removal of carbon dioxide (since carbon dioxide is linked to higher levels of hydrogen ions in blood).
U will need to actually post a question, i dont see one
A pumpkin is a fruit because it contains seeds. Most foods that contain seeds are fruits.
For example: A tomato is a fruit, and so is a cucumber!
Answer:
Predator prey
Explanation:
Animals that feed on other animals are called predators and the animals they eat are called prey. All predators have specific interactions with their prey as they are locked in an evolutionary "arms race". The prey will try to develop novel traits to survive as the predators will try to adapt to these. This is not a conscious process, but rather an evolutionary one, where prey individuals that have a survival advantage will survive and thus reproduce more.
The second image illustrates a predator-prey cycle where an increase in the prey numbers will lead to an increase in the predator numbers. This in turn will lead to a decrease in the prey number which in turn will also lead to a decrease in the predator's numbers.
The third image is a trophic or ecological pyramid in which X are the primary producers (ex. plants), Y are the animals that feed on these (prey) and Z are the predators that feed on Y. In general, top predators are not hunted and eaten by other species which is why they are at the top of the pyramid.
