Answer:
A.
It required that national government share power with the states.
In 1966, American pyschologist Julian Rotter proposed the Locus of Control concept
Industrial and organisational (I/O) psychologists concentrate on how workers behave at work. To enhance the total working environment, including performance, communication, professional satisfaction, and safety, they use psychological concepts and research techniques.
It is crucial to apply the scientific approach to the objective, empirical, and analytical examination of psychological processes for which they needs data and statistics. Researchers can identify cause-and-effect correlations and extrapolate the findings of their studies to bigger populations by using the scientific method.
Industrial psychology employs correlation, multiple regression, and analysis of variance as quantitative techniques. In I-O research, more sophisticated statistical techniques such logistic regression, structural equation modelling, and hierarchical linear modelling are used (HLM; also known as multilevel modeling).
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Answer:
Explanation:
Issue: Can an institution of higher learning use race as a factor when making admissions decisions?
Result: The Court held that universities may use race as part of an admissions process so long as "fixed quotas" are not used. The Court determined that the specific system in place at the University of California Medical School was "unnecessary" to achieve the goal of creating a diverse student body and was merely a "fixed quota" and therefore, was unconstitutional.
Importance: The decision started a line of cases in which the Court upheld affirmative action programs. In 2003, such academic affirmative action programs were again directly challenged in Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger. In these cases, the Court clarified that admission programs that include race as a factor can pass constitutional muster so long as the policy is narrowly tailored and does not create an automatic preference based on race. The Court asserted that a system that created an automatic race-based preference would in fact violate the Equal Protection Clause.
