(−4)−(−2)–{(−5)–[(−7)+(−3)–(−8)]}
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Check the picture below.
keeping in mind that the point of tangency for a radius line and a tangent is alway a right-angle, since the "red" chord is parallel to the "green" tangent line outside, then the chord is cutting the "green" radius there in two equal halves at a right-angle, as you see in the picture.
we know the chord is 10 units long, so 5 + 5, since is perpendicularity with the radius will also cut the chord in two equal halves.
anyhow, all that said, we end up with triangle you see on the right-hand-side, and then we can just use the pythagorean theorem.
keeping in mind that the point of tangency for a radius line and a tangent is alway a right-angle, since the "red" chord is parallel to the "green" tangent line outside, then the chord is cutting the "green" radius there in two equal halves at a right-angle, as you see in the picture.
we know the chord is 10 units long, so 5 + 5, since is perpendicularity with the radius will also cut the chord in two equal halves.
anyhow, all that said, we end up with triangle you see on the right-hand-side, and then we can just use the pythagorean theorem.