Tissue damage activates nociceptors or pain receptors in the skin. A signal is sent to the peripheral nerve to the spinal cord where neurotransmitters or chemical messengers are released. It activates other nerves to pass signal to the brain. The signals are relayed to the somatosensory cortex for sensation, frontal cortex for thinking and limbic system for emotional response.
Prophase 1
metaphase 1
anaphase 1
telophase and cytokinesis
prophase 2
metaphase 2
anaphase 2
telophase 2 and cytokinesis

No. Gender traits in humans are largely determined by biophysical processes. There seems to be a vocal political faction that is trying to convince people in the name of liberty and equality that gender traits are completely learned, and therefore arbitrary.
But this claim disagrees with scientific evidence. In general, boys play more with cars and girls play more with dolls not because their parents are perpetuating outdated gender stereotypes, but because their brain is telling them to.
This fact does not mean that boys have to play with boy toys, or that boys who play with dolls aren't really boys. It is just a scientific observation about average behavior and its link to fetal development
Answer: Microorganism activity affects soil acidity and the amount of organic matter in soil. It also affects the nutrient and mineral levels in soil as well as soil structure.
Explanation: