VIII cranial nerve pair has two sensory branches which both pass through the internal acoustic meatus.
A unique somatic afferent nerve is cranial nerve VIII. The vestibular nerve and the cochlear nerve make up its two components. Hearing is made possible by the cochlear portion, while balance and movement are mediated by the vestibular portion.
Both pieces come together to form the vestibulocochlear nerve, which exits the body of the skull through the internal acoustic meatus. Therefore, The auditory vestibular nerve, sometimes referred to as the vestibulocochlear nerve or CN VIII, is a cranial nerve that travels from the inner ear to the brain carrying information about balance and sound.
Therefore, VIII cranial nerve pair has two sensory branches which both pass through the internal acoustic meatus.
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Answer: Evolution is the process by which populations of organisms change over generations. Genetic variations underlie these changes. as we evolve our genetic genes change because the gametes come from 2 parents and has half the DNA (23) and thousands of years passes and if you will compare people in ancient times to now we are completely different.
Answer: Correct options B, D and E.
Explanation:
In the cladogram, we can see that in the first branch we have a division, one branch goes to fish and the other goes to a division (a division means a common ancestor)
Then the fish are the most primitive (being directly related to the first ancestor)., E is true.
We also can see that between fish and birds we have 3 separations (the ancestor in common is 3 "generations" behind), and between frog and birds we have two separations (the common ancestor is 2 "generations" behind), so frogs are more closely related to birds than fish.
So D is also true.
We also can see that the only pair that has only one ancestor in common are birds and reptiles, so the ones that are most closely related are birds and reptiles. B is also true,
Answer:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is a very high molecular weight mitochondrial multienzyme complex.It includes three types of enzymes that need the participation of five coenzymes to develop their activity, three of them catalytic cofactors (TPP, lipoamide, FAD) and two stoichiometric (NAD and CoA). Two enzymes involved in regulating its activity are also part of the enzyme complex.
Explanation:
PDH is a multienzyme complex formed by multiple copies of three catalytic proteins (E1, E2 and E3) and other structural and regulatory (phosphatase, kinase). It requires, in turn, different coenzymes (thiamine, lipoic acid) for its proper functioning. Given its enormous importance at a key point in energy production, it is highly regulated.
E1 depends on thiamine pyrophosphate and catalyzes 2 stages: 1) decarboxylation of pyruvate, forming a hydroxyethyl-thiamine-diphosphate intermediate; 2) reductive acetylation of the lipoyl group, covalently linked (amide) to E2.
E2 catalyzes the transfer of the acetyl group to CoA (3). E3 regenerates the oxidized lipoyl, transferring its electrons first to FAD and then to NAD.
