C. Experimental
Explanation - The cause and effect of a process would be studied in experimental investigations. However, in descriptive studies, relationship between the factors are not studies rather the detail of the process is studied. In comparative investigation, several factors are compared and its effects are analyzed.
In experimental investigations, experiments are carried out based on the hypothesis and then it is validated accordingly. Validation is a must to prove and disprove the hypothesis. Therefore, experimental data and hypothesis are related.
The correct answer is Karl will get sick and Jose will not this time, but neither will get this influenza again since they both will have acquired active immunity to it.
In the case of Jose artificially active immunity has been induced due to vaccination. A vaccine instigates a primary response against the antigen without resulting in any signs of the disease. On the other hand, Karl will acquire active immunity naturally in future, as when an individual get exposed to a live pathogen, he or she develops the disease, and turns immune as an outcome of the primary immune response.
The correct answer is: d) begins later in life
Eggs or female reproductive cells are formed well before birth in a huge number (primordial oocytes). But, the number of oocyte decreases after birth constantly (there are 2 million oocytes at birth and 40,000 of them in puberty). At menopause, no egg cells are left.
On the other hand, the first sperms are formed only from puberty, but the production of those cells never stops.
