Functional conflict is a conflict that is productive to the long term goals of the people involved, and is respectful of all its participants. For example, two people having an honest debate about how best to spend a limited amount of finances, while being conscious of each others opinions, is a functional conflict.
Dysfunctional conflict is characterized by loud voices, name-calling, and not listening to what other people say. When an argument devolves into insults and epithets, this is dysfunctional.
People avoid conflict because they either fear hurt emotions, or fear that they do not possess the ability to argue persuasively or clearly enough to "win" the conflict.
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According to Erik Erikson, teenagers need to decide who they are, what they are, and where they're going in life during the identity or role versus identity confusion stage of development.
Psychologist Erikson has developed one of the most used theories for psychosocial development, and on how social interaction and relationships are capable of influencing an individual's development.
The identity versus confusion stage is the fifth ego stage in his theory that occurs in adolescence, around 12 to 18 years old, and the focus is on forming the individual's identity and creating independence.
The conflict of this stage is based on the confusion of personal identity, the adolescent may have difficulties in understanding their roles if they do not have permission to explore and test their identities.
Therefore, it is in the identity versus confusion stage that adolescents need to decide who they are, through social interaction, through experimenting with new roles, in the search for independence and the formation of their personal identity.
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