Answer:
Psychiatric nurse practitioners do many of the same things a psychiatrist does, including diagnosing mental illness and prescribing medication.
Explanation:
Micheal might be suffering from diabetes insipidus.
Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus is a condition in which the affected person has the urge to pee a lot and feels thirsty all the time. Even though it is not directly related to diabetes, it is named as such because the affected person has symptoms similar to diabetes. The two main symptoms are polydipsia and polyuria.
Cause of Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus is caused by the lack of production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is produced by the hypothalamus which then gets stored in the pituitary gland. When the person was subjected to surgery to remove the entire mass of cancer cells in the pituitary gland, the ability of the gland to store ADH could have been lost.
The ADH allows the retention of water by concentrating the urine. In a person with diabetes insipidus, the production of AHD is affected, and in very rare cases the response by the kidneys to ADH is reduced which also reduces the water reabsorption and increases urine volume.
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Diabetes mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus
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Explanation:
Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus are both metabolic endocrine diseases caused due to hormonal imbalance.
<u>Etiology</u><u>:
</u>
<u>Organ and hormone involved</u><u>: </u>
Diabetes mellitus occurs due to inefficiency of the pancreas to produce sufficient amount of the hormone insulin or lack of insulin action resulting in uncontrolled blood glucose levels.
Diabetes insipidus occurs due to inefficiency of the pituitary glands to produce sufficient amount of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin or lack of vasopressin action resulting in uncontrolled water metabolism.
<u>Signs and symptoms:
</u>
Diabetes mellitus results in increasing blood glucose levels, polyuria and nocturia, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue and various other complications affecting eyes, kidneys, nervous system, and heart as the disease progresses.
Diabetes insipidus results in increasing water levels due kidneys excreting large amounts of diluted urine leading to polyuria, polydipsia, and excessive dehydration and fatigue.
<u>Diagnostic/lab tests and results:
</u>
Diabetes mellitus is tested by testing blood glucose levels.
Diabetes insipidus is tested by testing water deprivation or vasopressin level test/the 24-hour urine for urine osmolality levels along with serum electrolyte level tests.
These tests are based on response to vasopressin, urine concentration abilities, urine osmolality, and electrolyte levels of the blood.
Retroperitoneal structures include the rest of the duodenum, the ascending colon, the descending colon, the middle third of the rectum, and the remainder of the pancreas. Other organs located in the retroperitoneal space are the kidneys, adrenal glands, proximal ureters, and renal vessels.
