The Catholic church in Italy was controlled by the medieval popes, and the bishops were often worldly figures to nobles. The controversy of lay investiture was initiated by a decree from Pope Gregory VII in 1075, ended in an 1122 compromise called the Concordat of Worms. Pope Innocent III, in the 1200s, used tools such as spiritual to bring the church to the height of its political power.
very poor conditions, diseased boats, lack of sanitary food and water, lots of rats where food was stored...
During the Age of Discovery (also known as the Age of Exploration), which took place from around the 15th Century until about the 18th Century, the following explorers took respective routes to observe the paired locations:
Christopher Columbus to the Americas
Corte Real to Newfoundland
Da Gama to India
Cabral to Brazil
Tasman to New Zealand
Magellan to Straits of Magellan
Janszoon to Australia
Balboa to the Pacific Ocean
James Cook to Hawaii and Antarctica
It made people interested in the Americas
