Which of the following statements regarding the genetic material of cells and viruses is true? A. The genes of both viruses and
cells are enclosed within a nucleus. B. Viral genes may be encoded by DNA or RNA, but cellular genes are always encoded by DNA. C. The characteristics of cells are encoded in genes, but viruses do not have their own genes. D. The nucleotides found in cells are different from the nucleotides found in viruses.
Option B. Viral genes may be encoded by DNA or RNA, but cellular genes are always encoded by DNA.
Explanation:
Virus is a unique organism having unique characteristics which act as both living and non living. In cell, it is living while outside the cell it is present in crystalline form. Virus is composed of two genome i. e. DNA or RNA. But cell is composed of only DNA genome. There is no nucleus present in virus. Mitochondria and ribosome are also absent.
Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells compartmentalize various metabolic processes inside membrane-bound organelles. For example, the breakdown of certain food molecules to provide energy takes place in the mitochondrion, and photosynthesis takes place in a chloroplast.
Answer: Microbes in the hindgut of a termite break down cellulose into more easily digested sugars and short-chain fatty acids. These fatty acids are taken into the cells of the termite and used as nourishment in the same way human cells take in nutrients processed by our digestive system.