Bacteria are the type of biological cell. They constitute a large domain as they are found every where on the earth.
These are few micrometer in length which means 200-700nm . It depends on the type of the bacterial cell. The bacteria are the first organism that appeared on earth.
They are found in water, on land, desert, hydro thermal vent, snow et cetera. These are variable in shape.
It is important that it has half because there is a half that comes from each parent. so to equal it all out human gametes have a half set of dna instead of a full set