<span>Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids in the stomach (where the pH is 1-3). Pepsin needs to be in an acidic environment to be activated. The optimum temperature is between 30 oC and 40 oC because the average human body temperature is 37 oC. The optimum pH is the acidic one because your stomach has an acidic pH.</span>
Explanation:
Irreducible complexity (IC) involves the idea that certain biological systems cannot evolve by successive small modifications to pre-existing functional systems through natural selection.
In the van deemter equation, plate height (H) = A + B/u+ Cu.
So, A, B, U, and C affects the plate height. A is the eddy diffusion term, B is the longitudinal or ordinary diffusion term, C is the nonequilibrium or resistance to mass transfer coefficient, and U is the linear velocity.
Answer:
A. The Calvin Cycle
Explanation:
The light-independent reactions cover half of photosynthesis, with the other half being the light-dependent reactions. Another word for this process is the Calvin cycle. It is named after the biologist, Melvin C. Calvin, who discovered it. The Calvin cycle is responsible for turning carbon dioxide into glucose. It also requires no light, hence its other name. Additionally, because it is occasionally called the Calvin cycle, sometimes, the light-dependent reaction is simply called the light cycle.
<span>Testosterone achieves his effect by binding to his androgen receptor (nuclear). Because testosterone is steroid hormone (derived from cholesterol), it has a possibility to free diffuse through the cell membrane. When testosterone binds, the receptor undergoes a structural change which allows it to move into the cell nucleus and dimerize. Receptor dimer than binds directly to the specific sequence of the DNA called hormone response element (HRE) which results in regulation of gene expression.</span>
