Answer: the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
Explanation:
Requires energy input from a cell and enables A cell to move a substance against its concentration gradient
The point at which the toxin would interrupt normal cell signalling in the pathway is the signal amplification.
This is because of the G-protein uncoupling and inhibition of signal amplification by pertusis toxin. Pertusis toxin released by the bacteria Bordetella pertusis and prevents signal that is amplifying from the protein. The G-protein coordinates the interaction between membrane bound receptor proteins and the effector proteins involved in the intracellular signalling. The toxin promotes the uncoupling of this heterotrimetric protein and also inhibits the amplification thus preventing the interaction of the receptor proteins and the second messengers.
