Answer:
Natural enzymes called restriction enzymes Can cut and copy DNA at specific sites. Then the DNA fragments can be separated by the process of gel electrophoresis.
Explanation:
Restriction enzymes recognize restriction sites in the DNA and bind to them. Then they will cut the two DNA strands and give two separate sequences of DNA that can bind to another piece of DNA if the sequence match.
Gel electrophoresis will separate the different cut fragments of DNA by size and charge. The scientists put the DNA fragments in indentations in the gel, then the gel is placed into a gel box with a buffer solution, a negative electrode near the indentations, and a positive electrode on the bottom. When the electric current goes through the gel, the DNA fragments will start to descend towards the positive electrode since the DNA has a negative charge. As a result, DNA strands will descend faster through the gel's pores than the larger strands. The final step is to dye the gel to see the different bands with fragments of various DNA sizes.
All living thing break down water to make energy.
More than 3.6 billion years！
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At least 75% of the history of the earth
