The United Nations decided that they needed to have a peace-keeping force, a middle man, and treaties, so that they could try to stop wars from happening.
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He supported it because he believed that the powers enumerated in it balance each other out and nobody could become tyrannical by exploiting it. He refers to it as an open door because it can be amended meaning that if something needs to be changed because the spirit of the time has changed, it can be done while keeping the good things.
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The great depression started because of a stock market crash. meaning economy will go down quickly. As companies started losing money they could not pay there employees enough. Employees then started quitting there jobs or low food supply made them hungry tired and weak. For the survivors that needed money had to get jobs though it was difficult because companies could not pay enough. People had to grow there own crops and get there own water to survive.
I believe To a naturalistic writer, a human is a (#2 devil).