1. 
where in a population:
p - the frequency of the <em>A</em> allele
q - the frequency of the <em>a</em> allele
- the frequency of the <em>AA</em> homozygous genotype
- the frequency of the <em>aa</em> homozygous genotype
2pq - the frequency of the <em>Aa</em> heterozygous genotype
A population at equilibrium will have the sum of all the alleles at the locus equal to 1.
2. Conditions:
A. The breeding population must be large
B. No natural selection
C. The mating must occur randomly
D. No mutations to cause changes in allelic frequency.
E. No changes in allelic frequency due to immigration or emigration.
3. By comparing the actual genetic structure of a population with what we would expect from a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can determine how much it deviates from the baseline provided by the mathematical model. Depending on how large the deviation is, one or more of the model's assumptions are being violated. Thus, we can attempt to determine which one.
Antibiotic resistance happens when an antibiotic lost its ability in controlling or killing bacterial growth. At this moment the bacteria are already resistant to the antibiotic and are multiplying even though the drug is present. This is a natural phenomenon.
Allie should wear sunscreen to protect herself from skin cancer and maintain a healthy lifestyle and mindset, these could help in the long run! Hope this helped!
The conclusion that can be draw from the data above concerning the carnivores and the herbivores is that the carnivores have shorter digestive system than the herbivores. That is option C.
<h3>What are carnivores and herbivores?</h3>
The carnivores are those animals that kill and feed on other smaller animals as their source of food while the herbivores are the animals that feed on plant and plant products.
From the data given above, the herbivores have longer digestive system but are less heavy in weight as when compared with the carnivores.
Also from the data given above, the carnivores have a shorter digestive system but with more weight than the herbivores.
Learn more about carnivores here:
brainly.com/question/24841795
#SPJ1
A food web shows multiple pathways of energy flow through the ecosystem
